Biotechnology within the agricultural sector, primarily refers to genetic modification technology. Nowadays, breakthroughs in genetic modification (GM) crops have expanded regarding fulfilling the food, fuel, and fiber consumption. More food needed for human rapid population growth. Moreover, the quality of food-related to nutrition content also needs to be developed. This study aims to investigate the status of biotechnology in Indonesia compared to Australia by collecting the published article from the academic portals. It was found that the global status of the biotech crop was varied in several countries. Australia was at great in the area coverage of the biotech crop, with cotton and canola as the biotech crop is grown in Australia. Several GMO plants have received food, feed, and environmental safety certificates from the government of Indonesia, such as corn tolerant insect, sugarcane tolerance in drought, improve soybean and nutrition. However, due to incomplete biosafety assessments, there are no imported or locally developed GMO plants that have yet been commercialized. Sustainability in agriculture relates to the development of agriculture. It means that economic, social, and environment cannot be distinguished apart. Besides an economic impact due to obtaining the great yield, biotechnology can play a role in protecting the natural resources by applying to the infertile land, minimize the nitrogen usage; then, biotechnology contributes to reducing pesticide usage and increasing the human health by preventing malnutrition. The challenges to developing biotechnology come from the consumer's perspective on the side effect of the biotech product, lack of government regulation, high cost to produce the biotechnology product. Then, increasing the knowledge of the society of the
biotechnology product and increasing the research and development on clean
biotechnology is necessary to overcome the negative concern of biotechnology

agriculture; biotechnology; sustainable

1. Brookes, G., & Barfoot, P. (2009). Global impact of biotech crops: Socio-economic & environmental effects 1996{textendash}2007. Outlooks on Pest Management, 20(6), 258–264. doi:10.1564/20dec06.
2. Bruinsma, J. (2002). World Agriculture: towards 2015/2030: Summary Report. (Issue BRU 631). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
3. Jasper, C., & A. M. (2016). Strong market outlook for Australia's cotton growers. ABC.
4. Chang, H.-S. (Christie), & Nguyen, C. (2002). Elasticity of demand for Australian cotton in Japan. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 46(1), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.00169
5. Clive, J. (2009). Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2009. ISAAA Brief, 41.
6. Copping, L. G., & Menn, J. J. (2000). Biopesticides: a review of their action, applications and efficacy. Pest Management Science, 56(8), 651–676. doi:10.1002/1526-4998(200008)56:8<651::aid-ps201>3.0.co;2-u.
7. Cormick, C. (2002). Australian attitudes to {GM} food and crops. Pesticide Outlook, 13(6), 261–263. doi:10.1039/b211210h.
8. Cotton Australia. (2012). Biotechnology and cotton. Fact Sheet. http://cottonaustralia.com.au/cotton-library/fact-sheets/cotton-fact-file-biotechnology
9. Davison, J. (2010). {GM} plants: Science, politics and {EC} regulations. Plant Science, 178(2), 94–98. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.12.005.
10. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development. (2019). Regulation of genetically modified crops in Australia. Agriculture and Food. https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/genetic-
11. modification/regulation-genetically-modified-crops-australia.
12. Engelmann, F. (2010). Use of biotechnologies for the conservation of plant biodiversity. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 47(1), 5–16. doi:10.1007/s11627-010-9327-2.
13. Fitt, G. P. (2003). Deployment and impact of transgenic bt cotton in Australia. In The Economic and Environmental Impacts of Agbiotech (pp. 141–164). Springer {US}. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0177-0_8.
14. Foster, M. (2003). GM canola: What are the economics under Australian conditions? Australian Grains Industry, ABARE, Canberra.
15. Gruère, G., & Sengupta, D. (2011). Bt cotton and farmer suicides in India: An Evidence-based Assessment. The Journal of Development Studies, 47(2), 316–337. doi:10.1080/00220388.2010.492863.
16. Han, M., Okamoto, M., Beatty, P. H., Rothstein, S. J., & Good, A. G. (2015). The genetics of nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. Annual Review of Genetics, 49(1), 269–289. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-112414-055037.
17. Hilbeck, A., Meier, M., Römbke, J., Jänsch, S., Teichmann, H., & Tappeser, B. (2011). Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants - concepts and controversies. Environmental Sciences Europe, 23(1). doi:10.1186/2190-4715-23-13.
18. Hossain, F., Pray, C. E., Lu, Y., Huang, J., Fan, C., & Hu, R. (2004). Genetically modified cotton and farmers{textquotesingle} health in China. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 10(3), 296–303. doi:10.1179/oeh.2004.10.3.296.
19. Johnson, D. ~Gal. (2002). Biotechnology issues for developing economies. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 51(1), 1–4. doi:10.1086/345452.
20. Kennedy, G. G. (2008). Integration of insect-resistant genetically modified crops within {IPM} programs. In Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within {IPM} Programs (pp. 1–26). Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8373-0_1.
21. Lal, R. (2004). Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma, 123(1–2), 1–22. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.032.
22. Martino-Catt, S. J., & Sachs, E. S. (2008). Editor's choice series: The next generation of biotech crops. Plant Physiology, 147(1), 3–5. doi:10.1104/pp.104.900256.
23. Metcalfe, D. D., Astwood, J. D., Townsend, R., Sampson, H. A., Taylor, S. L., & Fuchs, R. L. (1996). Assessment of the allergenic potential of foods derived from genetically engineered crop plants{ast}. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 36(sup001), 165–186. doi:10.1080/10408399609527763.
24. Meyer, H. (2004). Update on the failure of Bt cotton in Indonesia. Genet.
25. Oladele, I., & Akinsorotan, A. (2007). The attitude towards genetically modified organisms (gmo's) and their effect on health and environment in southwestern Nigeria: Scientists' perception. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 8(1).
26. Phipps, R., & Park, J. (2002). Environmental benefits of genetically modified crops: Global and European perspectives on their ability to reduce pesticide use. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 11(1), 1–18. doi:10.22358/jafs/67788/2002.
27. Potrykus, I. (2012). Golden rice, a {GMO}-product for public good, and the consequences of {GE}-regulation. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 21(S1), 68–75. doi:10.1007/s13562-012-0130-5.
28. Raven, P. (2008). The environmental challenge: the role of GM crops. Proceedings of the 53rd Brazilian Congress of Genetics, 15–21.
29. Saber, M. S. M. (2001). Clean biotechnology for sustainable farming. Engineering in Life Sciences, 1(6), 217. doi:10.1002/1618-2863(200112)1:6<217::aid-elsc217>3.0.co;2-y.
30. Sevier, E. D., & Dahms, A. S. (2002). The role of foreign worker scientists in the {US} biotechnology industry. Nature Biotechnology, 20(9), 955–956. doi:10.1038/nbt0902-955.
31. Sheldon, I. M. (2002). Regulation of biotechnology: will we ever {textquotesingle}freely{textquotesingle} trade {GMOs}? European Review of Agriculture Economics, 29(1), 155–176. doi:10.1093/erae/29.1.155.
32. Tasman, A. (2007). GM canola: an information package. ACIL Tasman.
33. Tester, M., & Langridge, P. (2010). Breeding technologies to increase crop production in a changing world. In Science (Vol. 327, Issue 5967). American Association for the Advancement of Science ({AAAS}). doi:10.1126/science.1183700.