International Conference on Vocational Business, Logistic, Accounting, Supply Chain, Tax (ICoBLAST)
The Impact of Digital Payment Use on State Cash Accountability: Case Study at the Type A1 State Treasury Service Office Cirebon
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines the implementation of Digital Payment (Digipay) in improving state treasury accountability at the Cirebon Type A1 State Treasury Service Office. Digipay was developed as part of Indonesia’s digital transformation in public financial management to support transparency, efficiency, and real-time reporting in government procurement transactions. Background Problems: Despite its integrated and automated system, irregularities such as fictitious procurement and weak adoption by work units and providers still occur. These issues indicate that the implementation of Digipay has not fully achieved its accountability objectives. Novelty: This research provides practical insights into the effectiveness of Digipay implementation in strengthening accountability, supervision, and transaction security in public sector financial management. Research Methods: This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observations, and analysis of official documents related to Digipay implementation. Findings/Results: The results show that Digipay has a limited impact on improving state cash accountability. Although the system contributes to transaction efficiency, supervision, and security, several weaknesses in implementation and adoption remain obstacles. Conclusion: Digipay has not yet fully optimized accountability in government financial management. Further system development and improvement are needed to strengthen supervision, increase adoption, and reduce procurement irregularities. Implementation Potential: The findings may serve as a reference for improving digital payment systems in government institutions to enhance transparency, efficiency, and accountability.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Conference on Vocational Business, Logistic, Accounting, Supply Chain, Tax (ICoBLAST)
Reconciling Environmental, Social, and Governance Commitments with Corporate Tax Strategies in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Main Objectives: This study examines sustainable taxation practices among ESG-indexed companies in Indonesia, highlighting the paradox between declared ESG commitments and corporate tax aggressiveness. Background Problems: ESG adoption is increasingly visible among publicly listed firms, partly driven by sustainability indices and voluntary disclosure frameworks. However, a paradox emerges while ESG should theoretically promote transparency and ethical conduct, empirical evidence indicates that some ESG-oriented firms engage in aggressive tax strategies, potentially undermining their sustainability claims. This contradiction raises critical questions about the role of ESG in emerging markets with less stringent enforcement mechanisms. Addressing this paradox is vital for policymakers, investors, and scholars seeking to align sustainability goals with genuine corporate accountability. Novelty: Sustainable taxation refers to tax policies that support ESG goals. Although ESG companies are often seen as more committed to sustainability, their tax practices and contributions to these goals remain under-explored. Research Methods: A systematic literature review and thematic synthesis were conducted, supported by bibliometric mapping to identify prevailing patterns and contradictions. The review draws on peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2025, focusing on ESG governance, and fiscal policy incentives within the Indonesian context. Findings/Results: Although ESG reporting promotes transparency and enhances reputational capital, it can also serve as a legitimizing tool for earnings management and aggressive tax behavior particularly in firms under financial pressure. Conclusion: ESG strategies may function dually as instruments for sustainability and as reputational shields. Aligning tax behavior with authentic ESG objectives requires stronger corporate governance structures, clearer regulatory frameworks, and more consistent enforcement mechanisms. Implementation Potential: In Indonesia, weak regulatory enforcement and fragmented fiscal frameworks further hinder the development of genuinely sustainable tax practices
Gen Z's Financial Future: Social Media, Literacy, And Well-Being In Indonesia
Introduction/Main Objectives: Growing up in the digital era amidst economic uncertainty has significantly shaped Generation Z’s financial behavior. Social media serves as a primary channel through which Gen Z acquires financial literacy (knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors) that guide their investment and money management decisions. However, the prevalence of misinformation raises concerns that the pursuit of financial well-being through such platforms may instead result in financial setbacks. Background Problems: Rising living costs, inflation, and limited job opportunities intensify the urgency for Gen Z to strengthen their financial preparedness. Their reliance on social media prompts a critical question: does this exposure foster sustainable financial stability or encourage short-term, impulsive decisions? To answer this, the study examines how social media exposure affects Indonesian Gen Z's financial well-being with financial literacy as the mediators. Novelty: While prior studies have explored the influence of social media on financial literacy, its link to financial well-being remains underexplored. This study bridges the gap by integrating social media exposure and financial literacy to provide new insights into how these factors shape the financial well-being of Indonesian Gen Z. Research Methods: Using a quantitative approach with online questionnaires, data were collected from 122 Indonesian Gen Z respondents (born 1997–2007) who actively engage with financial content on social media. The data were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Findings/Results: The findings reveal that social media exposure significantly enhances financial knowledge, which indirectly improves financial well-being through positive financial attitudes and disciplined financial behaviors. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that social media influences financial well-being primarily through the indirect effects of financial literacy. Social media serves as an effective digital platform for learning, but knowledge alone is insufficient without having the right attitudes and behaviors. Implementation Potential: The findings offer practical insights for policymakers, educators, and financial influencers to develop effective financial education programs and digital content. These should not be limited to providing knowledge, but also cultivate positive financial attitudes and encourage disciplined financial practices, promoting responsible and sustainable behaviors among Gen Z.
Governing Ethical Supply Chains Through Blockchain: A TOE-Grounded Empirical Study of Saudi SMEs and Vision 2030 Alignment
Operational Risk Analysis of Sea Export Activities Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) at PT XYZ
Sea export activities are one of PT XYZ's main services. In its implementation, there is a complex operational process so that various operational risks and potential risks that can hinder the smooth export process are still found. These risks can cause delays in delivery, document errors, and losses for the company. Therefore, an operational risk analysis is needed to determine the level of risk and determine priority improvements in sea route export activities. This study aims to analyze potential operational risks, determine the level of risk, and set improvement priorities for sea route export activities at PT XYZ. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data was obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation of informants directly involved in the export process, then analyzed using the FMEA method through severity, occurrence, and detection assessments to obtain a Risk Priority Number (RPN) value. The results showed that there were 13 operational risks identified, with the risk of delayed cancellation of PEB as the highest priority risk with an RPN value of 405. The results of the study show that there are 13 operational risks in sea export activities at PT XYZ. The risk analysis using the FMEA method resulted in the highest Risk Priority Number (RPN) value of 405 at the risk of late cancellation of PEB and the lowest RPN value of 36 at the risk of late submission of outward manifest. Based on the risk limit of 150, four priority risks were obtained, namely the difficulty of obtaining trucks when picking up empty containers at the depot (RPN 320), the unavailability of empty containers at the depot (RPN 224), the use of unsuitable containers (RPN 225), and the delay in canceling PEB as the highest priority risk (RPN 405). Keywords: Operational Risk, Sea Route Exports, FMEA
INVESTIGATING PASSENGER ATTITUDES TOWARDS AUTOGATE ADOPTION: EXTENDING TAM
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study explores passenger attitudes and intentions to adopt autogate systems at Indonesian international airports. The background is the need for efficiency, security, and comfort in passenger services and the growing implementation of autogates at Soekarno–Hatta. Background Problems: The core issue is the limited clarity on which behavioral factors most shape attitudes and lead to intention to adopt autogates. Research question: Which factors in the TAM and DOI frameworks determine passenger attitudes, and how do those attitudes drive intention to adopt autogates? Novelty: This research integrates and extends TAM and DOI in the context of autogates in Indonesia by testing the mediating role of attitude between DOI/TAM constructs and adoption intention, and by incorporating the need for social presence as an extended construct. Research Methods: A quantitative design with 124 autogate users selected via purposive sampling; data were collected through an online questionnaire (5-point Likert scale) measuring perceived ease of use, service compatibility, relative advantage, need for social presence, attitude, and intention to adopt. PLS-SEM (SmartPLS) was used to evaluate both the measurement and structural models. Findings/Results: Relative advantage and perceived ease of use have a significant positive effect on attitude; service compatibility and need for social presence are not significant. Attitude strongly influences intention to adopt autogates, indicating that perceived benefits and ease of use are the primary drivers. Conclusion: Autogate adoption is primarily driven by perceived benefits and ease of use; service compatibility with habits and the need for social interaction are not key determinants. Key insight: strengthening perceived value and usability is essential to foster positive attitudes that, in turn, increase intentions for continued use. Implementation Potential: Airport managers and system developers can: (1) emphasize relative advantages through interface design and point-of-service communication; (2) simplify flows and UI/UX (clear instructions, instant feedback, error recovery) to reduce learning effort; (3) prioritize functionality and convenience over heavy personalization or added human interaction; (4) provide brief, on-screen onboarding and signage that focus on a “first-time success” experience; (5) continuously monitor processing time and success rates as visible benefit metrics for users. Keywords: Autogate; TAM; DOI; self-service technology; airport self-service technology JEL Classification: M310
DESIGNING A WAREHOUSE LAYOUT USING THE SHARED STORAGE METHOD WITH THE FIFO PRINCIPLE AT PT LINTANG PRATAMA EXPRESSINDO JAKARTA
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study examines warehouse layout optimization at PT. Lintang Pratama Expressindo, a freight forwarding company that requires efficient warehouse management to support smooth logistics operations and timely distribution using the shared storage method with the implementation of the First-In First-Out (FIFO) principle. Background Problems: The warehouse currently stores goods based solely on available space without a systematic placement method, resulting in inconsistent FIFO implementation, delays in order picking and delivery, and reduced operational efficiency. These issues indicate that the existing warehouse layout does not adequately support effective warehouse management. Novelty: This research proposes a practical warehouse layout solution for a small-scale freight forwarding warehouse without racking systems by integrating the shared storage method, floor mapping, workflow flowcharts, and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). The proposed approach offers a low-cost and systematic alternative tailored to the operational characteristics of small logistics businesses. Research Methods: This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and documentation review. A fishbone diagram was employed to identify the root causes of warehouse management problems. Findings/Results: The findings indicate that the primary cause of warehouse inefficiency is the absence of structured layout planning and standardized storage procedures. The proposed warehouse layout is expected to improve FIFO implementation, reduce handling errors, streamline goods movement, and increase overall warehouse operational efficiency. Conclusion: The proposed warehouse layout demonstrates that implementing the shared storage method supported by floor mapping and SOPs can improve warehouse organization and strengthen FIFO implementation in small-scale freight forwarding operations. These improvements contribute to more efficient and reliable warehouse management. Implementation Potential: The proposed warehouse layout can serve as a practical reference for small logistics and freight-forwarding companies seeking to improve warehouse performance without significant infrastructure investment. Keywords: FIFO; Fishbone Diagram; Shared Storage Method; Warehouse Layout; Warehouse Management JEL Classification: M11, L91, R41, D24
Do Ownership and Gender Diversity Matter? Evidence on Sustainable Assurance and ESG Performance
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigates the influence of board gender diversity, ownership concentration, and sustainable assurance on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. While ESG has become central to sustainable business strategies, empirical evidence on the role of governance-related mechanisms remains mixed, particularly in emerging markets. Background Problems: Global concerns over accountability and stakeholder trust have increased the demand for credible ESG practices. Investors, regulators, and the public seek not only disclosure but also assurance of its reliability. Yet, in many emerging economies, the effectiveness of governance structures in driving ESG outcomes is still debated. Novelty: This study provides one of the first empirical examinations in Indonesia that positions sustainable assurance as an independent determinant of ESG performance. It contributes new evidence to global debates on ESG accountability by showing the transformative role of assurance beyond traditional governance attributes. Research Methods: A quantitative design with panel data regression was applied to firms listed in the ESG Leaders Index from 2020-2024. This dataset captures companies recognized for sustainability commitment and allows robust testing of governance attributes and ESG performance. Findings/Results: Results show that sustainable assurance has a significant positive effect on ESG performance, confirming its role as a credible mechanism for enhancing transparency, accountability, and legitimacy. Conversely, ownership concentration and gender diversity demonstrate no significant effects, suggesting that symbolic structural attributes may be insufficient to improve ESG outcomes in emerging markets. Conclusion: Sustainable assurance emerges as a decisive driver of ESG performance, whereas ownership concentration and gender diversity alone are not. These findings extend governance literature by emphasizing that assurance mechanisms, rather than structural attributes, shape credible ESG outcomes. Implementation Potential: Embedding sustainable assurance into corporate governance frameworks strengthens disclosure reliability, fosters investor confidence, and supports alignment with sustainable development goals, thereby enhancing long-term corporate resilience. Keywords: Board Gender Diversity; Ownership Structure; Sustainability Assurance; ESG Performance. JEL Classification: (list the relevant JEL codes separated by commas, refer to https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php)
AUDIT COMMITTEE SIZE, INDEPENDENCE, AND MEETING FREQUENCY: DO THEY AFFECT ESG PERFORMANCE?
ABSTRACT (250 – 350 words) Introduction/Main Objectives: The research explores the relationship between audit committee characteristics, specifically size, frequency of meetings, and independence with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure scores among publicly listed companies in Indonesia. Background Problems: Grounded in stakeholder theory, it posits that the increased size of audit committees, more frequent meetings, and fully autonomous memberships are likely to enhance ESG transparency. Novelty: The study's distinctive contribution is demonstrating that active governance practices, like regular audit committee meetings, are more crucial than structural attributes for enhancing ESG reporting, particularly in an emerging market context such as Indonesia. Research Methods: This research employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory design to test the relationship between audit committee characteristics and ESG disclosure. This study utilizes secondary data extracted from annual and sustainability reports published by publicly listed Indonesian companies from 2023. The population comprises all firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). A multiple linear regression analysis of Indonesian firms was performed. All variables will be tested for normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity before regression analysis using STATA software. Findings/Results: Meeting frequency of audit committees positively correlates with ESG disclosure, whereas size and independence do not appear to have significant impacts. Conclusion: The study shows that when audit committees meet more often, it helps improve ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) scores for companies in Indonesia. However, the size and independence of the committee do not have much effect. This means that being active in governance is more important for better ESG performance than just having certain structures. Implementation Potential: The study contributes to understanding how corporate governance mechanisms can support sustainability initiatives in emerging markets, offering valuable insights for companies, regulators, and investors focused on improving ESG disclosure and fostering responsible business practices. Keywords: Environment; Social; Governance; Audit Committee; Disclosure JEL Classification: (list the relevant JEL codes separated by commas, refer to https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php)
THE IMPACT OF CONTENT MARKETING, PRODUCT QUALITY, AND HEDONIC MOTIVATION ON IMPULSIVE BUYING BEHAVIOR
The rapid advancement of information technology has reshaped human life, extending beyond communication to influence education, work, entertainment, and commerce. In Indonesia, internet penetration reached 79.5% in 2024 with 221.6 million users, supporting the rapid rise of e-commerce. Indonesia is now the fastest-growing e-commerce market in the world, recording a growth rate of 30.5%, far above the global average of 10.4%. Within this context, Shopee has become the leading platform, recording 2.3 billion visits in 2023 and surpassing its competitors. The central issue explored in this study is the inconsistency in prior research regarding the effects of content marketing, product quality, and hedonic shopping motivation on impulsive buying, leading to the research question: How do these three factors influence impulsive buying behavior among Generation Z Shopee users in Central Java? The novelty of this study lies in integrating the three variables within the specific context of Shopee and Generation Z in Central Java, where more than 8.5 million digital natives reside. Previous studies have shown mixed results and rarely focused on this demographic, leaving an important gap in the literature. To address this, the research employed a quantitative causal design with data collected through an online questionnaire distributed to 100 Generation Z Shopee users using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed with multiple linear regression, supported by F-tests, t-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The findings indicate that content marketing, product quality, and hedonic shopping motivation simultaneously have a significant effect on impulsive buying, with an adjusted R² of 0.803. Partially, product quality and hedonic shopping motivation has a positive and significant influence, while content marketing has a negative but significant effect. These results show that impulsive buying among Generation Z is shaped by both external marketing strategies and internal motives, with product quality and enjoyable shopping experiences acting as stronger drivers than aggressive promotions. Keywords : Content Marketing; Product Quality; Hedonic Shopping Motivation; Impulsive Buying; Shopee JEL Classification : M31, M37, L86, D90, D91
INFLUENCE OF INDEPENDENT COMMISSIONERS, AUDIT COMMITE, INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP, AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON TAX AVOIDANCE
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) proxied by Independent Commissioners, Audit Committee, and Institutional Ownership, as well as Corporate Social Responsibility proxied by the Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Index (CSRDI) measured based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 4.0 as many as 91 indicators Background Problems: Tax avoidance remains a major concern in Indonesia’s fiscal system, as companies seek to legally minimize their tax burdens. This study aims to answer the research question: How do Independent Commissioners, Audit Committees, Institutional Ownership, and Corporate Social Responsibility affect tax avoidance in healthcare companies? Novelty: This research contributes by focusing on the healthcare sub-sector manufacturing companies in the 2019-2022 period, combining GCG and CSR factors within a single analytical model that has been underexplored in prior studies. Research Methods: This study uses secondary data taken from the population of health companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange vulnerable for a period of 4 years, namely 2019-2022 as many as 33 companies. The number of samples in this study amounted to 13 companies with a total sample of 52 data that had been selected using purposive sampling technique. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression assisted by Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25 software. Findings/Results: The results of this research state that Independent Commissioners, Audit Committees, Institutional Ownership, and Corporate Social Responsibility partially have a significant positive effect on Tax Avoidance in healthcare companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period. Conclusion: The results of this research are consistent with previous research which shows that Independent Commissioners, Audit Committees, Institutional Ownership, and Corporate Social Responsibility have an influence on agents' Tax Avoidance practices. Implementation Potential: The findings provide implications for regulators to strengthen governance and CSR policies and for academics to enhance understanding of ethical tax practices. Keywords : Good Corporate Governance, Independent Commissioner, Audit Committee, Institutional Ownership, Corporate Social Responsibility, Tax Avoidance JEL Classification : (list the relevant JEL codes separated by commas, refer to https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php)
THE INDIRECT ROLE OF GREEN LEADERSHIP IN PROMOTING ECO-FRIENDLY OPERATIONS THROUGH GREEN INNOVATION AND SUPPLY CHAIN PRACTICES
HUMAN RESOURCE COMPETENCY MODERATION IN DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS AND INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEMS ON THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR BATIK SMEs IN TEGAL REGENCY
Introduction/Main Objectives: Digital payment systems are increasingly advanced along with the many marketplaces and digital platforms that provide convenience in trade transactions, including the use of Shopee Pay, Go-Pay, and Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS). This study aims to determine the moderation of human resource competencies in digital payment systems and internal control systems for the preparation of financial reports for Batik MSMEs in Tegal Regency. Background Problems: The problem of using digital payments in financial reporting in Tegal Regency is greatly influenced by the competence of human resources in managing digital payment systems and integrating them with existing accounting systems. If HR competencies in the use of information technology and financial recording are inadequate, this can lead to problems with the accuracy and reliability of financial reports. Therefore, improving training and understanding of technology for HR is key to optimizing the use of digital payments and producing accurate and standardized financial reports. Research Methods: This study uses primary data from questionnaires. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Data collection techniques consist of observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. While data analysis techniques consist of descriptive statistics, validity tests, reliability tests, and normality tests . Findings/Results: The results The simultaneous ANOVA test of 0.000 < 0.005 shows that HR competency moderates the digital payment variable and internal control has an effect on the Financial Report Preparation variable. Conclusion: Based on the results of the simultaneous test of equation 1 of 0.000 < 0.005, it states that the variables of digital payments and internal control have an effect on the variables of financial report preparation and the results of the simultaneous test of equation 2 of 0.000 < 0.005 indicate that HR competence moderates the variables of digital payments and internal control on the influence of the variables of financial report preparation. Implementation Potential : MSMEs have begun widely using QRIS as a cashless payment system that is more efficient. One of the advantages of QRIS is gaining switching from various types of merchants. Keywords : Digital Payment System, Internal Control System, Financial Report Preparation, HR Competence. JEL Classification: (list the relevant JEL codes separated by commas, refer to https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php
SUPPLIER SELECTION AT THE RETAIL INDUSTRY USING THE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) METHOD (CASE STUDY AT PT. XYZ LOMBOK WAREHOUSE BRANCH)
This study applies the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to develop a robust supplier selection framework for PT. XYZ's Lombok warehouse to address inventory instability caused by logistical complexities and inconsistent supplier performance. The core problem is the absence of a standardized supplier evaluation method at the Lombok branch, leading to significant out-of-stock incidents and unfulfilled orders that disrupt regional distribution. The study's novelty is its practical application of a data-integrated AHP model within a regional Indonesian retail network, uniquely incorporating real warehouse performance metrics and geospatial delivery risks. Using a quantitative, descriptive-analytical design, this research gathered primary data from expert questionnaires and secondary data from company records to build and validate the AHP model. The findings identified delivery consistency as the most critical evaluation criterion and produced a clear ranking of the optimal suppliers for cooking oil, UHT milk, and sugar. The study concludes that the AHP model provides an effective, objective, and data-driven solution to resolve the warehouse's inventory instability by replacing subjective assessments with a transparent decision-making framework. The findings are directly applicable through a developed Microsoft Excel dashboard that automates AHP calculations, enabling managers to continuously improve procurement strategy and enhance supply chain resilience.
SUSTAINABLE FAR FRAMEWORK: EMBEDDING ESG INTO TRANSFER PRICING GOVERNANCE FOR SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE
Global disruptions ranging from pandemics and geopolitical conflicts to climate-related crises have exposed structural vulnerabilities in global value chains and challenged the adequacy of conventional fiscal governance frameworks. In parallel, international tax reforms increasingly emphasize transparency, economic substance, and alignment between profit allocation and real value creation. However, traditional Functions-Assets-Risks (FAR) analysis within transfer pricing governance remains predominantly financial and transactional, providing limited recognition of sustainability performance and organizational resilience as substantive drivers of corporate value. This study reconceptualizes the traditional FAR framework by integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) dimensions and Supply Chain Resilience (SCR) into the assessment of economic substance in transfer pricing governance. Adopting a qualitative conceptual approach through an Integrative Literature Review (ILR), the study synthesizes insights from Stakeholder Theory, Resource-Based View (RBV), and Dynamic Capabilities Theory to develop a multidimensional governance framework linking sustainability, resilience, and fiscal transparency. The study argues that sustainable functions (e.g., green logistics and ethical sourcing), ESG-related assets (e.g., carbon credits, renewable technologies, and social capital), and resilience-oriented risks (e.g., climate disruption and supply-chain instability) constitute essential components of sustainable substance within multinational enterprises (MNEs). Accordingly, the framework extends the OECD principle that “profits follow functions, assets, and risks” toward a broader governance logic in which profits increasingly reflect sustainability performance, adaptive capability, and institutional legitimacy. The proposed Sustainable FAR Framework contributes to the emerging discourse on Sustainable Tax Governance by offering policymakers and tax authorities a conceptual tool for integrating ESG and resilience indicators into risk-based transfer pricing oversight. The framework is particularly relevant for emerging economies, including Indonesia, where sustainability disclosure, carbon governance, and substance-based tax compliance are becoming increasingly interconnected.
ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM, TAX AVOIDANCE, AND FIRM VALUE: IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL TRANSPARENCY AND REGULATION IN INDONESIA’S ENERGY SECTOR
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of accounting conservatism and tax avoidance on firm value in the energy sector of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). It evaluates whether these financial management practices contribute to or detract from firm value, using the framework of Agency Theory to explain managerial behavior and investor responses. Background Problems: Previous studies provide mixed evidence on how conservatism and tax avoidance affect firm value. While both are intended to improve efficiency and reduce information asymmetry, excessive conservatism can distort earnings, and aggressive tax avoidance can increase reputational and regulatory risks. These contradictions, combined with limited research in Indonesia’s energy sector, create uncertainty about their true value implications. This study contributes to the literature by focusing specifically on Indonesian energy firms during the post-pandemic period (2021–2023), incorporating recent financial reforms and the use of cash effective tax rate (CETR) as a realistic measure of tax avoidance. Novelty: This study contributes to the literature by focusing specifically on Indonesian energy firms during the post-pandemic period (2021–2023), incorporating recent financial reforms and the use of cash effective tax rate (CETR) as a realistic measure of tax avoidance. Research Methods: A quantitative causal-explanatory approach was employed using panel data of energy firms obtained from the Bloomberg database. The data were analyzed using fixed-effects regression in STATA to control for firm-specific heterogeneity. Findings/Results: The results indicate that both accounting conservatism and tax avoidance have negative but statistically insignificant effects on firm value. The model’s explanatory power is low, suggesting that firm value is driven by other firm-specific factors. Conclusion: These findings imply that conservatism and tax avoidance may not enhance firm value and can even reduce investor confidence when perceived as excessive or opportunistic. Implementation Potential: The results encourage regulators (OJK and DJP) to balance transparency and flexibility in reporting standards, guide managers toward ethical accounting and tax practices, and help investors interpret conservatism and tax strategies more critically in valuation decisions. Keywords: Accounting Conservatism; Tax Avoidance; Firm Value; Cash Effective Tax Rate; Agency Theory; Energy Sector JEL Classification: (list the relevant JEL codes separated by commas, refer to https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php)
Eiffeliena Nur'aini Fisikaningputri Purwienanti
Does CEO Power Drive Corporate Tax Avoidance? Insights from Indonesia’s Energy Industry
Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of CEO power on tax avoidance in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Background Problems: CEOs hold a strategic role in shaping corporate policies, including tax avoidance strategies that can influence transparency and fiscal compliance. However, the extent to which CEO influence impacts tax avoidance remains debated academically, with limited empirical evidence. This study addresses this gap by providing empirical evidence of CEO power on tax avoidance in the energy sector. Novelty: This study examines how CEO power influences corporate tax avoidance in the Indonesian energy sector, an area with limited prior research. It also provides sector-specific insights that deepen understanding of how managerial power dynamics affect corporate tax strategies in emerging economies. Research Methods: The study uses a quantitative research method. CEO power is measured through three specific dimensions: expert, prestige, and ownership, while tax avoidance is measured by the effective tax rate (ETR). Data are analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between the variables. Findings/Results: The study shows that CEO expertise, measured by tenure, and CEO prestige, indicated by education level, reduce corporate tax avoidance. Meanwhile, CEO ownership has no significant impact, suggesting that personal financial stakes do not influence tax behavior. Conclusion: This study finds that CEO expertise (tenure) and CEO prestige (education) decrease corporate tax avoidance, while CEO ownership has no significant impact. The results highlight the importance of leadership quality in promoting compliance and highlight the need for governance policies that consider CEO experience and education to strengthen responsible tax practices. Implementation Potential: The results of this study can be applied by companies through enhancing recruitment and promotion policies that prioritize CEO candidates with strong educational backgrounds and extensive leadership experience. Regulators and policymakers may also use these insights to design governance frameworks that emphasize the role of leadership quality in reducing tax avoidance, thereby improving transparency, accountability, and long-term corporate sustainability. Keywords: CEO power; CEO expertise; CEO prestige; CEO ownership; tax avoidance. JEL Classification: G3; H2; M2.
Exploring Ethical Competence as a Moderator of Ethical Perception’s Impact on Students’ Attitudes toward Tax Avoidance
Tax avoidance represents a critical area of inquiry in accounting education because it raises ethical dilemmas that challenge students to develop strong moral foundations. Future accounting professionals are expected not only to master technical taxation knowledge but also to cultivate ethical perception and competence to make principled judgments when faced with tax-related decisions. This study aims to examine how ethical perception influences accounting students’ attitudes toward tax avoidance and whether ethical competence moderates this relationship. A quantitative research approach was applied using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis technique. Data were collected from 349 accounting students in Semarang, Indonesia, selected through purposive sampling to ensure respondents possessed prior exposure to ethics and taxation coursework. The results reveal that ethical perception significantly and negatively affects students’ attitudes toward tax avoidance. This indicates that the higher the ethical awareness of students, the less likely they are to justify or engage in tax avoidance practices, even when such practices are legally permissible. Conversely, the moderating effect of ethical competence on the relationship between ethical perception and tax avoidance was found to be insignificant. This suggests that ethical competence, while important as an individual trait, does not strengthen the influence of ethical perception on tax-related ethical decision-making. These findings highlight that ethical perception rather than ethical competence plays a more dominant role in shaping moral resistance toward tax avoidance among accounting students. The study underscores the importance of integrating ethics-oriented learning within accounting curricula to strengthen students’ moral reasoning and awareness from an early stage. Furthermore, the results provide implications for educators, policymakers, and professional bodies to design comprehensive ethics education that not only transmits ethical knowledge but also fosters reflective moral understanding and professional integrity essential for combating unethical practices in the taxation field. The study concludes that ethical perception significantly reduces accounting students’ acceptance of tax avoidance, while ethical competence does not moderate this relationship. This highlights the need for accounting education to strengthen students’ ethical awareness and moral sensitivity to foster integrity, responsibility, and fairness in future taxation practices. The findings can be applied in accounting education by integrating ethics-based learning modules that enhance students’ moral awareness and decision-making. For industry, they emphasize the need for ethical training and compliance programs to foster integrity among professionals, thereby improving ethical standards and reducing tolerance toward tax avoidance practices.
SUSTAINABILITY AND TAXES IN AN EMERGING MARKET: A QUANTILE PRESPECTIVE FROM INDONESIA
This study examines whether Corporate Social Responsibility, proxied by ESG Disclosure, is related to corporate tax behavior in emerging markets. This issue is relevant because Indonesian issuers face increasing demands for ESG reporting as well as tightening tax regulations, so consistency between sustainability narratives and fiscal practices becomes important for academics, regulators, and investors. Research question: Is the increase in ESGD associated with a higher CETR, meaning lower tax aggressiveness, and does this relationship differ across various parts of the CETR distribution. Previous evidence is largely average-based and rarely examines distributional effects in Indonesia. This study's contribution is to provide quantile evidence of the link between ESGD and CETR, stemming from the wide dispersion of CETR and thick distribution tails, which can mask average effects. This is an explanatory quantitative study of 68 issuers. After data cleaning by excluding years with pre-tax profit < 0 and negative CETR, 522 firm-years were collected. All variables were sourced from Bloomberg. Estimation was performed using quantile regression at 0.25; 0.50; 0.75. ESGD is positively and significantly associated with CETR at the 0.25 and 0.75 quantiles, but not significant at the 0.50 quantile. Substantively, higher ESG disclosure aligns with lower tax aggressiveness, and its effect is concentrated in the tails of the distribution. CSR through ESG disclosure is correlated with more prudent tax behavior but is not evenly distributed across the distribution. These findings confirm the importance of a distributional perspective and the selection of quantile regression. Potential implementation: For regulators and exchanges, the results support monitoring focused on the tails of the distribution and strengthening the assurance of ESG reporting. Companies can leverage strong ESG governance to mitigate reputational risks, while investors can incorporate ESGD as a signal of tax risk in due diligence, and teaching can use this case to illustrate distribution-based analysis.
EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN DISASTER LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION: THE INFLUENCE OF HUMAN RESOURCE CAPABILITY, PLACEMENT, AND SUPERVISION
Introduction/Main Objectives: Disaster logistics distribution plays a critical role in ensuring timely and accurate delivery of humanitarian assistance during emergencies. Despite adequate human resource capability, employee placement, and supervision within disaster management agencies, employee performance in disaster logistics distribution remains suboptimal. This study aims to examine the influence of human resource capability, employee placement, and supervision on employee performance in disaster logistics distribution. Background Problems: The study addresses the question of whether human resource capability, placement, and supervision significantly affect employee performance in disaster logistics distribution, both partially and simultaneously. Novelty: Previous studies have mainly focused on humanitarian logistics systems and operational performance, while limited empirical evidence has examined the combined effects of human resource capability, employee placement, and supervision on employee performance in disaster logistics distribution, particularly within Indonesian regional disaster management agencies. Research Methods: This study employed a quantitative explanatory survey design involving 62 employees responsible for disaster logistics distribution at the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Central Java and Semarang City. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS after validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. Findings/Results: The findings indicate that employee performance in disaster logistics distribution is generally at a moderate level. Human resource capability, placement, and supervision significantly influence employee performance both individually and simultaneously. Human resource capability was identified as the most influential factor, while the model explained 86.6% of the variance in employee performance. Conclusion: Human resource capability, appropriate employee placement, and effective supervision are essential determinants of employee performance in disaster logistics distribution. Strengthening these factors can improve disaster logistics effectiveness and organizational responsiveness during emergency situations. Implementation Potential: The findings provide practical implications for disaster management agencies by supporting evidence-based policies in recruitment, competency development, employee placement, and supervisory practices to enhance disaster logistics performance. They also contribute to academic discussions on human resource management in humanitarian logistics. Keywords: disaster logistics; employee performance; human resource capability; placement; supervision JEL Classification: M12; M54; H84
THE INFLUENCE OF SHOPEE PAYLATER USAGE LEVEL ON GENERATION Z'S FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
Introduction/Main Objectives: The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) has transformed individual financial behavior, particularly among Generation Zdigital natives who frequently utilize Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services such as Shopee PayLater. This study examines how the increasing use of Shopee PayLater influences Generation Z’s financial management, an important issue in Indonesia’s digital economy where the adoption of PayLater services is expanding rapidly. Background Problems: The study addresses the question: Does the level of Shopee PayLater usage influence Generation Z’s financial management? This question arises from concerns that the convenience of deferred payments may encourage impulsive consumption and weaken financial discipline. Novelty: Previous studies in Indonesia mostly categorized Shopee PayLater users as binary groups (users vs. non-users), overlooking the intensity of usage as a continuous variable. This study contributes novelty by operationalizing the Shopee PayLater usage level through multiple dimensionsfrequency of use, transaction value, payment punctuality, and perceived convenienceallowing a more comprehensive understanding of its behavioral impact. Research Methods: This quantitative research employed a purposive sampling method targeting 50 Shopee PayLater users from Generation Z. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, and analysis was conducted using simple linear regression with SPSS 21.0. Findings/Results: The results indicate that Shopee PayLater usage level has a significant negative effect on Generation Z’s financial management. Conclusion: The findings reveal that higher usage intensity of Shopee PayLater leads to poorer financial management among Generation Z. This supports the Behavioral Finance Theory, suggesting that psychological biases such as present bias and overconfidence drive irrational financial behavior. Implementation Potential: These findings highlight the need for digital financial literacy programs that emphasize responsible debt management and the risks of overusing BNPL services. For fintech providers, such as Shopee, incorporating educational and repayment reminder features can promote more responsible usage. Policymakers can use these insights to balance digital financial innovation with consumer protection. Keywords: Shopee PayLater; Generation Z; financial management; behavioral finance; fintech JEL Classification: D14, G41, O33
Drivers of Enhanced Supply Chain Circularity Performance with Green Supply Chain Resilience as Intervening Through ResourceBased View (RBV) & Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT)
Introduction/Main Objectives: The transition toward a circular economy requires supply chains to achieve higher levels of resilience, adaptability, and sustainability. This study investigates the determinants of enhanced supply chain circularity performance by integrating perspectives of digital technology adoption advantages, networking advantages, and green infrastructure resources. Building on the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, the research emphasizes the mediating role of organizational agility and green supply chain resilience in driving circular outcomes. A quantitative research design was deployed using survey data collected from supply chain and sustainability managers across manufacturing and logistics industries. Background Problems: Modern supply chains continue to suffer from limited visibility across tiers, high barriers to adopting sustainable and digital practices, organizational inertia, fragmented resilience–sustainability strategies, and data and collaboration gaps—collectively undermining their adaptability and circular performance. Novelty: Current research novelty is the Integration of Triple Bottom-Line Outcomes (Enhanced Supply Chain Circularity Performance, spans environmental, operational, and economic dimensions) such as reverse logistics, resource efficiency, partnerships, performance. This holistic framing is distinct which fills a specific gap between DCT and RBV. Research Methods: Multi-stage Cluster with Stratified Random Sampling used and SEM-AMOS) was applied to test the hypothesized relationships among constructs. 325 Findings/Results: The findings demonstrate that digital technology adoption, networking, and green infrastructures significantly contribute to building green supply chain resilience, which in turn positively influences circularity performance. Furthermore, organizational agility is identified as a critical mediating capability that enables firms to rapidly reallocate resources, foster innovation, and respond effectively to sustainability challenges. Conclusion: The study concludes that digitalization, networking, and green infrastructure enhance circular supply chain performance through agility and resilience, offering both theoretical contribution to RBV–DCT integration and practical guidance for sustainable logistics management. Implementation Potential: This study provides both theoretical and managerial contributions. Theoretically, it enriches circular economy and supply chain management literature by linking agility and resilience with circular performance outcomes. Practically, the findings offer actionable insights for managers to prioritize digitalization, cross-network collaboration, and green infrastructure investments as enablers of circularity. By highlighting the interconnectedness of agility, resilience, and sustainability practices, this research offers a comprehensive model for achieving enhanced supply chain circularity in the era of environmental and market uncertainty. Keywords: Supply Chain Circularity; Organizational Agility; Resilience; Digital Technology; Sustainability. JEL Classification: L23, M11, O32, Q01, Q56
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE OR MERELY A PUBLIC STUNT? CSR, SKEPTICISM, AND COMPANY EVALUATION OF CIGARETTE COMPANIES
Introduction/Main Objectives: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a strategic tool for companies in controversial industries to enhance their public image. Indonesian cigarette manufacturers are no exception, frequently engaging in CSR initiatives that trigger public scrutiny regarding their true intentions, i.e. whether these actions are genuinely altruistic or simply calculated efforts to improve their reputation. Therefore, it is both interesting and important to investigate how the public evaluates the CSR programs of cigarette companies. Background Problems: This research aims to examine how various types of CSR initiatives (health, environment, sports, and education) affect public’s skepticism, and in turn, influence overall evaluations of the company. Novelty: Departing from prior studies that often treat CSR as a uniform construct, this research compares the effects of various CSR types and examines the mediating role of skepticism towards CSR in a controversial industry in Indonesia. Research Methods: An experimental study was conducted, where 144 participants were randomly assigned to four different treatment groups (health, environment, education, and sports). The participants were given brief information about Rokoqu, a hypothetical cigarette372 company, its CSR initiatives, and key facts of tobacco risks. Well-established scales were used to measure the variables. Findings/Results: Results showed that skepticism towards CSR had a negative effect on company evaluation. However, CSR types did not significantly influence skepticism. Therefore, skepticism did not mediate the relationship between CSR initiatives and company evaluation. Health and education-related CSR had no significant difference in influencing company evaluation, while environment and sports-related CSR affected company evaluation more negatively than health-related CSR did. Conclusion: While CSR types do not trigger skepticism, they can affect company evaluation differently. Environment and sports-related CSR are found to influence company evaluation more negatively than health and education-related CSR. Implementation Potential: CSR programs may backfire in the context of companies operating in controversial industries, especially if the initiatives are misaligned with their reputation and public expectations. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); Cigarette company; Skepticism towards CSR; Company evaluation. JEL Classification: M31, M140
CROSS-BORDER SUPPLY CHAIN FINANCE PLATFORM: SYNERGIZING INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FINANCIAL STRATEGY FOR RESILIENT SUPPLY CHAINS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
The intensifying volatility of global trade, compounded by currency fluctuations and post-pandemic supply chain disruptions, has underscored the need for resilient financial and trade systems in Southeast Asia. This study examines the development of a Cross-Border Supply Chain Finance Platform (CB-SCFP) that synergizes international trade mechanisms and financial strategies to strengthen regional resilience. The objective is to address persistent challenges of payment delays, liquidity shortages, and fragmented trade-finance linkages in ASEAN economies. Current debates on supply chain resilience tend to treat trade policy and financial strategy as separate domains, resulting in fragmented solutions. This paper addresses the research question: How can the integration of international trade and financial strategies through a digital finance platform enhance the resilience of Southeast Asia’s supply chains? The novelty of this study lies in introducing an integrated CB-SCFP model that combines trade facilitation, digital financing tools, and risk mitigation instruments across multiple ASEAN markets. Unlike prior studies focusing narrowly on trade agreements or financial hedging mechanisms, this research develops a unified conceptual and empirical framework linking trade flows with supply chain finance innovation. Methodologically, the study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach with triangulation. Data were gathered through 25 semi-structured interviews with exporters, importers, and financial practitioners in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, supported by policy analysis and secondary data from trade reports (2019–2024). A conceptual modeling technique was used to illustrate the structural components and operational functions of the CB-SCFP. The findings indicate that the CB-SCFP reduces average payment delays by 18%, enhances liquidity access for SMEs by 24%, and mitigates currency risk through automated hedging modules. In addition, it improves transparency across transactions, reduces administrative costs, and fosters stronger collaboration between financial institutions and trade actors. This study concludes that integrating international trade and financial strategies through a CB-SCFP significantly reinforces supply chain resilience in Southeast Asia. The model demonstrates practical value for policymakers, banks, and firms in addressing global disruptions and advancing digital trade facilitation. Its implementation potential extends to improving SME competitiveness, enhancing regional financial integration, and serving as a policy blueprint for cross-border digital infrastructure. Keywords: Supply Chain Finance; Cross-Border Trade; Digital Finance; Resilience; ASEAN JEL Classification: F15, F36, G20, L14
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP LEARNING MODEL BASED ON BUSINESS PROJECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOPRENEURSHIP SPIRIT AMONG STUDENTS
The learning approach for entrepreneurship based on business projects is more appropriate for current times because students can practice business according to their interests and will lead to the three domains of learning: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The aim of learning entrepreneurship based on business projects is to instill entrepreneurial attitudes and motivations, and for students to be able to understand the focus of the material being discussed, because the learning materials are more easily followed. This research is a descriptive research. The research population is the entirety of students of the State Polytechnic of Malang, while the sample is composed of 50 people, which is determined through purposive sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire, interview, and observation, using comparative analysis. Research results showed that the entrepreneurship learning model based on business projects have a greater learning objective achievement compared to the conventional entrepreneurship learning model. The other word that the project-based entrepreneurship learning model had a stronger effect on increasing entrepreneurial knowledge compared to the conventional entrepreneurship learning model. as such, the application of the entrepreneurship learning model based on business projects can be made to be more effective in the future. Keywords: entrepreneurship, technopreneurship, project-based learning model
SUSTAINABLE MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR BNPL SERVICES: A UTAUT-BASED CONSUMER LITERACY APPROACH
Introduction/Main Objectives: Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) has diffused rapidly across digital commerce, reframing checkout as a low friction credit decision. While this accelerates access and conversion, it also raises concerns about over consumption and information asymmetries. This study examines how financial literacy shapes consumers’ intention to use and actual usage of BNPL by integrating the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) with a sustainable-marketing perspective focused on transparency, education, and consumer protection. Background Problems: The core question is: to what extent does financial literacy operating through UTAUT perceptions and reinforced by sustainable marketing practices translate into higher intention and responsible usage of BNPL? Novelty: Prior BNPL research has emphasized behavioral and demographic correlates but has rarely positioned financial literacy as an antecedent feeding a mediated UTAUT pathway or explicitly modeled sustainable marketing as an enabling context. The study advances a capability led, sustainability aware mechanism for BNPL adoption. Research Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Indonesian consumers (N=153) was analyzed using covariance based structural equation modeling. Reflective constructs (financial literacy; performance expectancy; effort expectancy; social influence; facilitating conditions; behavioral intention; actual usage) were adapted from validated scales and assessed via confirmatory factor analysis, reliability tests, and discriminant validity checks. Indirect effects were evaluated with bias corrected bootstrapping. Findings/Results: Findings inform industry design choices (prominent total cost disclosure, fee simulations, calculators, reminders, flexible rescheduling) and regulatory standards (plain language cost disclosure, outcome based conduct metrics, and scalable literacy programs), offering practical pathways to grow BNPL responsibly in market and educational settings. Conclusion: Responsible BNPL adoption is capability led and context dependent: financial literacy enhances adoption relevant beliefs, while transparent, educational marketing amplifies these effects, aligning user uptake with consumer welfare. Implementation Potential: Findings inform industry design choices (prominent total-cost disclosure, fee simulations, calculators, reminders, flexible rescheduling) and regulatory standards (plain language cost disclosure, outcome based conduct metrics, and scalable literacy programs), offering practical pathways to grow BNPL responsibly in market and educational settings. Keywords: Financial literacy; Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL); UTAUT; Sustainable Marketing; Consumer Behavior.
THE EFFECT OF RETURN ON EQUITY ON STOCK PRICES WITH EARNINGS PER SHARE AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE IN TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE 2020–2024 PERIOD
The rapid growth of capital market is currently attracting the attention of the public and investors to invest in the stock market. During the period 2020-2024, the average stock prices of the technology companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) experienced fluctuating conditions and tended to decline. One of the financial ratios suspected to influence stock price movements is the profitability ratio, namely ROE and EPS because they are able to explain a company’s ability to generate profits. This study aims to examine the effect of ROE on stock prices through EPS as a mediating variable. The type of this research is explanatory research with purposive sampling as the sampling technique, resulting in 15 out of 47 technology companies listed on the IDX being selected as the research sample. The analytical method used is simple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS 26. The results of this research show that ROE has no significant effect on stock prices. However, ROE has a positive and significant effect on EPS. EPS has a positive and significant effect on stock prices. Then EPS serves as a full mediating variable and significantly mediates the effect of ROE on stock prices. Keywords: earning per share; return on equity; and stock price
THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND IMAGE AND ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH ON PURCHASE DECISIONS ON WARDAH LIPSTICK PRODUCTS IN SEMARANG CITY
Introduction/Main Objective: This study analyzes the influence of brand image and Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) on the purchase decision of Wardah lipstick products in Semarang City. This research is due to the fierce competition from the local cosmetics industry which encourages wardah to strengthen brand image and optimize digital interaction as a marketing strategy. Background Issues: The perception of many people on social media cannot be easily controlled and becomes a challenge for companies to build and maintain a good Brand Image. Therefore, the author conducted research on the influence of brand image and e-WOM on purchase decisions on wardah lipstick products in Semarang City. Newness: The novelty in this study is highlighted in the actual problem in the market, namely the indication of declining loyalty and market share in the lipstick category which is reflected in the decline in TBI. In addition, this study presents a manual sentiment analysis of 100 wardah product reviews on social media to strengthen the relevance of the e-WOM variable in the context of the problem being studied. Research Method: This study used a quantitative approach by collecting data through a questionnaire to 100 wardah lipstick consumers in Semarang. The analysis was carried out through validity, reliability, simple and multiple linear regression, significance tests (T test and F test) using SPSS 21. Findings/Results: Research results show that brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions, as well as e-WOM. Simultaneously, these two variables make a significant contribution to consumer decisions. However, some respondents are still hesitant, especially when comparing local products with foreign brands and responding to negative reviews. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a strong brand image and utilizing positive online interactions to improve purchasing decisions. Potential Implementation: The results are expected to help the company refine its marketing strategy and become a reference for future researchers in examining other variables or different objects to obtain more comprehensive findings. Keywords: Brand Image; Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM); Purchase Decision; Wardah; Lipstick.
THE INFLUENCE OF INSTAGRAM CONTENT MARKETING AND SALES - PROMOTIONS ON PURCHASE DECISIONS (STUDY ON STARBUCK DR WAHIDIN’S CONSUMERS IN SEMARANG)
Starbucks Indonesia actively utilizes Instagram to build strengthen its market position by sharing inspirational, creative, and educational content. However, despite its popularity, several challenges arise, particularly regarding consumer perceptions of promotional content, pricing, and taste, which often generate negative reviews. Sales promotion also plays a significant role as Starbucks consistently offers various incentives, such as discounts, member-exclusive offers, and bundling programs. These efforts are aimed at encouraging short-term purchases while maintaining long-term customer loyalty. Nevertheless, issues such as mismatched promotional messages and perceived lack of relevance to the target audience remain key challenges. This study aims to determine the effect of content marketing and sales promotion as independent variables on purchase decisions as the dependent variable. This is an explanatory research study, using non-probability sampling techniques to select 100 samples who are customers of Starbucks Dr. Wahidin Semarang using purposive sampling methods. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. The results of the SEM analysis coefficient testing showed that: (H1) Content marketing have significant to purchase decision is accepted; (H2) Sales have significant to purchase decision is accepted; (H3) Content marketing and sales promotion have significant to purchase decision is accepted is accepted. Keywords: Content Marketing, Sales Promotion, Purchase Decision
GENDER INEQUALITY IN LOGISTICS INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL JAVA
Introduction/Main Objectives: The logistics industry is a strategic sector experiencing rapid growth due to the expansion of global trade and modern supply chains. Despite its development, the industry remains dominated by a masculine work culture that may create gender inequality and hinder women's career advancement. This study aims to analyze the forms of gender inequality, the factors influencing women's challenges, and the implications of gender inequality on career development and the work environment within the logistics industry in Central Java. Background Problems: This study addresses the question of how gender inequality manifests in the logistics industry, what factors contribute to women's challenges, and how such inequality affects their career development and work environment. Novelty : While previous studies have examined gender inequality across various industries, limited research has specifically explored the forms, contributing factors, and organizational implications of gender inequality within Indonesia's logistics industry using an in-depth qualitative approach. This study provides empirical insights into women's experiences in the logistics sector in Central Java. Research Methods: This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation involving female employees and management personnel from several logistics companies in Central Java. Data were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Findings/Results: The findings indicate that gender inequality persists in the logistics industry through job segregation, limited promotion opportunities, gender stereotypes regarding women's capabilities, and low participation of women in organizational decision-making. These challenges are influenced by patriarchal cultural values, work systems requiring high mobility, and limited access to competency development and leadership opportunities. Conclusion: Gender inequality remains a significant issue affecting women's career development, work motivation, and the quality of the work environment in the logistics industry. Creating a more inclusive organizational culture and ensuring equal career opportunities are essential to improving gender equality in the sector. Implementation Potential: The findings provide practical implications for logistics companies and policymakers in developing gender-responsive human resource policies, strengthening leadership development programs for women, and promoting inclusive workplace practices to support sustainable organizational performance. Keywords : gender inequality; logistics industry; career development; women workers; work environment JEL Classification: J16; J24; M12; M54
LINKING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY CAPABILITIES IN INDONESIA’S COURIER SECTOR
Introduction/Main Objectives: The surge in online purchases has been accompanied by a significant rise in unmanaged waste, including packaging materials, plastics, bubble wrap, tapes, and cardboard. This situation negatively impacts the environment and calls for sustainable solutions. One promising approach is the circular economy, which aims to minimize waste while maximizing the efficiency of resource utilization. This study aims to examine the effect of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) on the implementation of the circular economy among courier express parcel companies in Indonesia. Background Problems: The rapid growth of the courier industry driven by e-commerce has intensified environmental pressure. However, there remains limited understanding of how EMS contributes to environmental and financial performance through the adoption of circular economy principles. Novelty: While prior research has explored the effect of EMS on performance, few studies have empirically examined the mediating role of Circular Economy Capabilities (CEC) in service-oriented sectors such as logistics and courier companies in developing countries. This study fills that gap by testing how CEC strengthens the relationship between EMS and firm performance. Research Methods: This study employs a quantitative descriptive method. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to middle and top management respondents from courier express parcel companies in Indonesia. The data were analyzed using SMART PLS to evaluate both direct and mediated relationships between variables. Findings/Results: The results reveal that EMS has a negative relationship with environmental performance; however, when mediated by CEC, this relationship becomes positive. In contrast, EMS positively affects financial performance. The findings confirm that CEC partially mediates the relationship between EMS and performance outcomes. Conclusion: Circular economy capabilities play a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of EMS, transforming environmental initiatives into improved performance outcomes. This highlights the importance of developing internal capabilities alongside institutional systems to achieve sustainability goals. Implementation Potential: The findings provide practical guidance for logistics and courier companies in adopting circular economy practices. Strengthening CE capabilities can help firms improve resource efficiency, reduce waste, and achieve long-term financial and environmental benefits. Keywords: circular economy performance; circular economy capability; environmental management system; courier express parcel company. JEL Classification: (list the relevant JEL codes separated by commas, refer to https://www.aeaweb.org/jel/guide/jel.php)
UNDERSTANDING ONLINE TICKET PURCHASE DECISIONS IN FULL-SERVICE AIRLINES: THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PROMOTION, BRAND EQUITY WITH E-WOM AS A MEDIATOR
Introduction/Main Objectives: The rise of digital marketing has reshaped how airlines engage with consumers, particularly through social media promotions. The digital promotion, including Electronic Word of Mouth (eWoM), has become a vital element in shaping customer behavior. It refers to online interactions such as reviews, recommendations, and comments that influence customers’ perceptions and decisions when purchasing airline tickets. Background Problems: This research explores whether social media promotion and brand equity enhance consumer trust and how electronic word of mouth influences purchase decision. Previous studies have focused on the services on low-cost carrier or tourism in general, resulting in a research gap in the context of full-service airlines that put emphasize on customers’ loyalty and quality. Research Methods: Using a quantitative approach, data is collected by surveys of airline passengers who have interacted with social media promotions. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is applied to analyze relationships among the variables. Findings/Results: The study found that e-WOM (passengers reviews and online recommendations) did not have a significant influence on online tickets purchases. Conclusion: The findings will help airlines refine digital marketing strategies, strengthen brand perception, and leverage word of mouth marketing to boost customer acquisition Implementation Potential: This study is intended to understand consumer behavior in the airline industry, giving insights for increasing online ticket sales. Keywords: Social Media Promotion; Brand Equity; Electronic Word of Mouth; Online Ticket Purchase; Consumer Behavior; Full-Service Carriers. JEL Classification: M2